Collocation ဆိုတာ မိတ္ဖက္တဲြလံုးပါ။ Collocations မိတ္ဖက္တဲြလံုးေတြ သိထားမယ္ ရမယ္ဆိုရင္ အဂၤလိပ္စာ အေရးသားပိုင္းေရာ အေျပာပိုင္းမွာပါ
အဂၤလိပ္ေတြ ေရးသလို ေျပာသလို ေရးႏိုင္ ေျပာႏိုင္လာမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီမိတ္ဖက္စကားေတြရထားျခင္းအားျဖင့္
အေရး အေျပာေတြမွာ ေ၀ေ၀ဆာဆာ လွလွပပ သြက္သြက္လက္လက္ ေျပာႏိုင္ ေရးႏိုင္ၿပီးေတာ့ ကိုယ္ေျပာတဲ့
ေရးတဲ့ အဂၤလိပ္စာေတြဟာ သဘာ၀လည္းက်တဲ့ အေရးအသား အေျပာအဆိုေတြျဖစ္လာမွာပါ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္မို
Collocations မိတ္ဖက္တဲြလံုးေတြကို ေလ့လာထားေစခ်င္ပါတယ္။ မိတ္ဖက္တဲြလံုးေတြကို
ေလ့လာလို႕ ရေအာင္ ဆရာမ Shayna Oliveira ေရးသားပို႕ခ်တဲ့
1000 collocations in 10 minutes a day ကို Learning English
Collocations မွ ျပန္လည္ မွ်ေ၀ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္။ ကိုယ္ကိုယ္တိုင္လည္း ယခုထိ
ေလ့လာသင္ယူေနဆဲပါ။ ကိုယ္ရသလို အျခား အဂၤလိပ္စာေလ့လာေနသူေတြလည္း ရေစခ်င္တဲ့ ဆႏၵတစ္ခုတည္းပါ။
ဆရာလုပ္လို၍ မဟုတ္ေၾကာင္း ၀န္ခံ စကားေျပာပါရေစ………
ပထမဦးဆံုး Lesson 1 အေနနဲ႕ Family နဲ႕ ပက္သတ္ၿပီး အမ်ားစုေဖာ္ျပတဲ့
Collocations မိတ္ဖက္တဲြလံုးစကားလံုးေတြကို ေလ့လာၾကရေအာင္ပါ။
Your parents and siblings (brothers and sisters) are your immediate
family – and your extended family includes all your relatives –
uncles, cousins, great-aunts, etc.
ခင္မ်ားရဲ႕ မိဘေတြ၊ ညီအစ္ကိုေမာင္ႏွမေတြဟာ ခင္မ်ားရဲ႕ immediate family ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ့ ခင္မ်ားရဲ႕ extended family
ဆိုတာ ခင္မ်ားရဲ႕ ေဆြမ်ိဳးေတြျဖစ္တဲ့ ဦးေလးတို႕၊ ၀မ္းကဲြညီအစ္ကို ေမာင္ႏွစ္မတို႕၊
ႀကီးႀကီးေဒၚေဒၚတို႕ ပါ၀င္တဲ့ မိသားစု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ခင္မ်ားရဲ႕ family members မိသားစု၀င္မ်ားၾကား ေဆြးမ်ိဳးဆက္ေတြကို ေရးဆဲြပံုေဖာ္ဖို႕
ေဆြးမ်ိဳးဆက္ ဇယား family tree ကို အသံုးျပဳႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
A person who is related to you by a long series of connections can be
called a distant relative.
ေဆြးစဥ္မ်ိဳးဆက္တစ္ေလ်ာက္ ခင္းမ်ားနဲ႕ ေဆြမ်ိဳးေတာ္စပ္လာတဲ့သူကို distant relative လို႕ ေခၚႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
If you’re lucky, you have a loving family or a close-knit family –
these expressions refer to a family that has good relationships, where everyone
loves each other and helps each other.
ခင္မ်ားကံေကာင္းတယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ခ်စ္စရာေကာင္းတဲ့မိသားစု loving family ဒါမွမဟုတ္ စည္းစည္းလံုးလံုးေပ်ာ္ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ရႊင္ျဖစ္တဲ့ မိသားစု close-knit
family ခင္မ်ားမွာ ရတာ တဲ့။ loving family, close-knit
family ဆိုတဲ့ ေဖာ္ျပခ်က္ေတြဟာ တစ္ဦးကိုတစ္ဦး ခ်စ္ခ်စ္ခင္ခင္ ကူကူညီညီ
ရိွတဲ့ ဆံဆက္ေကာင္းမြန္တဲ့ မိသားစုကို ရည္ညႊန္းတာပါ။
If you were raised in a loving family, then you probably had a carefree
childhood – that means you had nothing to worry about when you were young.
ခ်စ္ခင္စရာေကာင္းတဲ့မိသားစုမွာ ခင္မ်ား ႀကီးျပင္းခဲ့တယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ခင္မ်ားမွာ အပူအပင္းကင္းတဲ့
ကေလးဘ၀ carefree childhood ကို ရခဲ့တာေပါ့။ ဆိုလိုတာက ခင္မ်ားငယ္စဥ္ေတာင္ေက်း
ကေလးဘ၀တုန္းက ပူပင္စရာဆိုလို႕ ဘာမွကို မရိွခဲ့ဘူးလို႕ ေျပာတာပါ။
On the other hand, a family in which the relationships are bad or unhealthy
can be called a dysfunctional family.
ဒါေပမယ့္ ဆက္ဆံေရးေတြ စိုစိုေျပေျပမရိွ၊ ဆိုးဆိုး၀ါး၀ါးဖရိုဖရဲျဖစ္ေနတဲ့မိသားစုကို
ဖရိုဖရဲၿပိဳကဲြေနတဲ့ မိသားစု dysfunctional
family လို႕
ေခၚႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
If the children experience abuse, poverty, or problems with the law, we can
say
they had a troubled childhood.
they had a troubled childhood.
ကေလးငယ္ေတြ ညွင္းပန္းႏိွပ္စက္မႈ ဆင္းရဲမဲြေတမႈ ျပႆနာမ်ား ဥပဒႏွင့္ ႀကံဳေတြ႕ခံစားရတယ္
ဆိုရင္ ျပႆနာမ်ားတဲ့ကေလးဘ၀ troubled
childhood ကို သူတို႕ ရခဲ့တာလို႕ ေျပာႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
Perhaps the parents went through a bitter divorce – that means a
separation in which there were bad/angry feelings between the husband and wife.
မိဘေတြ ခါးခါးသီးသီး အိမ္ေထာင္ေရး တရား၀င္ကြာရွင္းမႈေတြ bitter divorce လုပ္ခဲ့တာ ျဖစ္ေကာင္းျဖစ္မွာပါပဲ။ ဆိုလိုတာက ဇနီးသည္ႏွင့္ေယာက်ၤားအၾကား
ေဒါသစိတ္ေတြ၊ အဆင္မေျပတဲ့ ခံစားခ်က္ေတြ ရိွလာတာေၾကာင့္ ကြာရွင္းလိုက္တဲ့ ကြာရွင္းမႈေပါ့။
It’s also possible to have a messy divorce, with a prolonged legal
battle involving lots of conflicts about the separation of the former couple’s
assets (money and possessions).
အိမ္ေထာင္ေဟာင္းရဲ ပိုင္ဆိုင္မႈမ်ား (ေငြေရးေၾကးေရးႏွင့္ ပစၥည္းပစၥယမ်ား) ခဲြေရး
ခ်မ္းေရးႏွင့္ ပက္သတ္တဲ့ ပဋိပကၡေတြမ်ားတဲ့ ရွည္လွ်ားတဲ့ တရား၀င္ ရင္ဆိုင္မႈႏွင့္အတူ
ရႈပ္ေထြးတဲ့ ဇာတ္ရႈပ္တဲ့ အိမ္ေထာင္ေရးကြာရွင္းမႈ messy divorce လည္း ရိွႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
The
decisions about the separation of assets are made in the divorce settlement.
ပိုင္ဆိုင္မႈမ်ား
ခဲြေရး ခ်မ္းေရးႏွင့္ ပက္သတ္တဲ့
ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ကိုေတာ့ တရား၀င္ကြာရွင္းမႈ တရား၀င္ေပး
အပ္ရသည့္ ဥစၥာေၾကးေငြေရးရာ divorce
settlement မွာ
ျပဳလုပ္ရပါတယ္။
A
family in which there are divorces or separations is sometimes called a broken
home.
တရား၀င္အိမ္ေထာင္ေရးကြားရွင္မႈေတြ၊ ပ်က္စဲမႈေတြ
ရိွတဲ့ မိသားစုကို
ၿပိဳကဲြေနတဲ့ မိသားစု
ၿပိဳကဲြေနတဲ့ အိမ္
broken home လို႕
ေခၚပါတယ္။
Sometimes
the mother and father fight over custody of the children – that refers
to who has the primary responsibility of caring for the kids.
တစ္ခါတရံမွာေတာ့
အေဖျဖစ္တဲ့သူနဲ႕ အေမျဖစ္တဲ့သူတို႕ဟာ ကေလးေတြကို
ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ မႈ
custody of the
children အေပၚ
စကားမ်ားၾကပါတယ္။ ကေလးငယ္ေတြကို ဂရုစုိက္မႈအတြက္
အဓိကတာ၀န္ရိွတဲ့သူကို ရည္ညႊန္းတာပါ။
A
judge can grant joint custody – that means the ex-husband and ex-wife
share the responsibility – or sole custody to only one parent.
တရားသူႀကီးက
ႏွစ္ဦးအတူ ညီတူ
မွ်တ ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခြင့္ ေပးႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
ဆိုလိုတာက မိခင္ေဟာင္းႏွင့္ ေယာက်ၤားေဟာင္းတို႕ဟာ
တာ၀န္ကို မွ်ယူၾကတာပါ။
ဒါမွမဟုတ္ မိဘ
တစ္ဦးတည္းကိုပဲ တစ္ဦးတည္း
ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာက္ေရွာက္ခြင့္ sole custody ေပးႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
For
example, a judge might award sole custody to the mother, and the father
has to pay child support – regular payments to help with expenses for
the kids.
ဥပမာအေနနဲ႕ကေတာ့
တရားသူႀကီးက မိခင္ကို
တစ္ဦးတည္း ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခြင့္ ေပးလိုက္တယ္
award sole
custody ဆိုပါေတာ့
ဖခင္ျဖစ္သူက ကေလးအတြက္
ေထာက္ပ့ံေၾကးေငြ ေပးရ
pay child support မွာပါ။
ကေလးေတြအတြက္ အသံုးစရိတ္
ေခ်ာင္လည္ေစဖို႕ ပံုမွန္ေထာက္ပံ့ေပးမႈေပါ့။
If
it was a mutual divorce/separation – that means the ex-husband and
ex-wife agreed to separate without fighting – then they will probably stay on
good terms with each other (meaning to have a polite relationship without
conflicts).
ႏွစ္ဦးသေဘာတူ
တရား၀င္အိမ္ေထာင္ကြားရွင္းတာ ပ်က္စဲတယ္
mutual divorce/ separation ဆိုတာ ေယာက်ၤားေဟာင္းႏွင့္ ဇနီးေဟာင္းတို႕ဟာ
စကားမမ်ား ရန္မျဖစ္ဘဲ
သေဘာတူ ကြာရွင္းတာပါ။ အဲဒီလိုဆိုရင္ေတာ့
သူတို႕ဟာ တစ္ဦးနဲ႕တစ္ဦး ဆက္ဆံေရး
ေကာင္းမြန္ေျပျပစ္စြာ on good terms with each other ေနထိုင္ၾကမွာပါ။
(ပဋိပကၡေတြမျဖစ္ေတာ့ဘဲ ယဥ္ေက်းသိမ္ေမြ႕တဲ့ ဆက္ဆံေရး
ရိွတာကို ဆိုလိုျခင္းပါ)
If
a woman gets pregnant without being married or in a relationship, then
she will become a single mother.
မိန္းမသားတစ္ေယာက္
အိမ္ေထာင္မျပဳဘဲ ဒါမွမဟုတ္
ခ်စ္တုန္းႀကိဳက္တုန္း သံေယာဇဥ္တြယ္ေနခ်ိန္မွာ ကိုယ္၀န္ရတယ္
gets pregnant ဆိုရင္
အဲဒီ မိန္းမသားဟာ
အိမ္ေထာင္မျပဳဘဲ ကေလးရတဲ့
မိခင္ single mother ျဖစ္လာမွာပါ။
Some
women in this situation choose to have an abortion, and others prefer to
give the baby up for adoption.
ဒီလိုမ်ိဳး
အေျခအေနေရာက္လာရင္ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕
မိန္းမသားေတြၾကေတာ့ ကိုယ္၀န္ဖ်က္
have an abortion ဖို႕ေရြးၾကတယ္။ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕မိန္းမသားေတြၾကေတာ့
ကေလးကို အၿပီးအပိုင္
ေမြးစား give the baby up for adoption ဖို႕
ေပးလိုက္ၾကတယ္။
The
time when the baby is planned to arrive is called the due date – you can
also say
the baby is due in mid-October, for example.
the baby is due in mid-October, for example.
ကေလးငယ္ ေမြးဖြားလာဖို႕ စီစဥ္ခ်ိန္ဆထားတဲ့
အခ်ိန္ကို ဖြားရက္
ေမြးဖြားရက္ due date လို႕
ေခၚပါတယ္။ ကေလးငယ္
ေအာက္တိုဘာလလယ္မွာ ဖြားမယ္လို႕
ဥပမာအေနနဲ႕ေျပာႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
After
the woman has the baby (or gives birth to the baby), the baby is
given to the adoptive parents, who will raise the child or bring
up the child as if it was their own.
အမ်ိဳးသမိး
ကေလးဖြား has the baby (or gives birth to the
baby) ၿပီးတဲ့ေနာက္မွာ ကေလးငယ္ကို
ေမြးစားမိဘေတြဆီ ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္။ ေမြးစား မိဘေတြက
adoptive parents ကေလးငယ္ကို
သူတို႕ရဲ႕ သား
သမီးအရင္းသဖြယ္ ေကြ်းေမြး
ျပဳစု ၾကည့္ရႈ
ပ်ိဳးေထာင္ raise the child or bring up the baby ၾကမွာပါ။
Sometimes,
when the adopted child is older, he or she tries to find their birth
mother (biological mother).
တစ္ခါတရံမွာေတာ့
ေမြးစားကေလး adopted child အသက္ႀကီးလာတဲ့အခါ ေယာက်ၤားပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္
မိန္းကေလးပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ သူတို႕ရဲ႕
ေမြးမိခင္ birth mother ကို
ေတြ႕ဖို႕ႀကိဳးပမ္းၾကတယ္။
အထက္ပါ ဥပမာ၀ါက်ေတြနဲ႕ မိတ္ဖက္တဲြလံုး
collocations ေတြကို အေသအခ်ာေလ့လာပါ။
ၿပီးတဲ့အခါ
ေနာက္ဆံုးမွာေပးထားတဲ့ ၀ါက်ေတြထဲက
မွန္ကန္တဲ့ တဲြလံုးေတြ
တဲြေပးပါ။
အဂၤလိပ္စာေလ့လာေနသူမ်ား
အားလံုး collocations မ်ား
မ်ားမ်ားေလ့လာ မွတ္သားႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ။
အဂၤလိပ္စာကိုလည္း
ေ၀ေ၀ဆာဆာလွလွပပ ေရးသား
ေျပာဆိုႏိုင္ၾကပါေစလို႕ ဆုမြန္ေကာင္းေတာင္းရင္း ဒီတစ္ပတ္
ဒီေလာက္နဲ႕ပဲ နားပါရေစ။
Happy
studying!
ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္စြာ
ေလ့လာႏိုင္ပါေစ
Learning
English Collocations
၂၄၊ ၄၊
၂၀၁၆။
Collo List
immediate family = (မိဘ၊ ညီအစ္ကိုေမာင္ႏွစ္မမ်ားပါ၀င္ေသာ)
မိသားစု
extended family = (၀မ္းကဲြ ညီအစ္ကိုေမာင္ႏွစ္မ၊ ဦးေလး၊ ႀကီးေတာ္တို႕
ပါ၀င္ေသာ) မိသားစု
family tree = ေဆြမ်ိဳးဆက္ဇယား
family members = မိသားစု၀င္မ်ား
distant relative = (ႏွစ္၀မ္းကဲြ၊ သံုး၀မ္းကဲြ စသည္ ေတာ္စပ္သည့္)
ေဆြမ်ိဳး
loving family = ခ်စ္စရာေကာင္းေသာ မိသားစု
close-knit family = စည္းစည္းလံုးလံုးေပ်ာ္ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ရႊင္ျဖစ္တဲ့
မိသားစု
carefree childhood = အပူအပင္ကင္းေသာ ကေလးဘ၀
dysfunctional family = ဖရိုဖရဲျဖစ္ေနေသာ မိသားစု
troubled childhood = ျပႆနာမ်ားတဲ့ ကေလးဘ၀
bitter divorce = ခါးသီးေသာ အိမ္ေထာင္ေရးကြာရွင္းမႈ
messy divorce = ရႈပ္ေထြးေသာ၊ ဇာတ္ရႈပ္ေသာ အိမ္ေထာင္ေရးကြာရွင္းမႈ
divorce settlement = (အိမ္ေထာင္ကြာရွင္းမႈတြင္ တရား၀င္ေပးအပ္သည့္၊
ေပးအပ္ရသည့္) ဥစၥာေၾကးေငြ
broken home = ၿပိဳကဲြေနေသာ အိမ္
custody of the children = ကေလးထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခြင့္
grant joint custody = မွ်တူ ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခြင့္
sole custody = တစ္ဦးတည္း ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခြင့္
award sole custody = တစ္ဦးတည္း ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခြင့္ ေပးအပ္သည္
pay child support = ကေလး အတြက္ ေထာက္ပံ့ေက်းေငြ ေပးသည္
mutual divorce / separation = ႏွစ္ဦးသေဘာတူ ကဲြကြာျခင္း
on good terms with each other = တစ္ဦးႏွင့္တစ္ဦး ဆက္ဆံေရးေကာင္းစြာ/
ေျပျပစ္စြာ
get pregnant = ကိုယ္၀န္ရသည္
single mother = အိမ္ေထာင္မျပဳဘဲ ကေလးရသည့္ မိခင္
have an abortion = ကိုယ္၀န္ဖ်က္သည္
give the baby up for adoption = ကေလးကို အၿပီးအပိုင္ေမြးစားဖို႕
ေပးသည္
due date = ဖြား၊ ေမြးရက္
The baby is due in mid-October. ေအာက္တိုဘာ လလယ္မွာ ကေလးေမြးမည္။
has the baby / gives birth to the baby = ကေလးေမြးသည္
adoptive parents = ေမြးစား မိဘ
raise the child / bring up the child = ကေလးကို ေကြ်းေမြး ျပဳစု
ၾကည့္ရႈ႕ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ ထိန္းသိမ္းသည္
adopted child = ေမြးစားသား၊ သမီး
birth mother / biological mother = ေမြးမိခင္
Lesson 1 – Quiz
Choose the best word to complete each sentence:
Type your answer in the comment box.
1. A friend of mine gave / took / went birth to
her son at home with the help of a nurse.
2. A number of the kids in my classroom come from broken / damaged / hurt homes.
3. After a hostile / cruel / bitter divorce from his wife of 20 years, the actor married a woman young enough to be his daughter.
2. A number of the kids in my classroom come from broken / damaged / hurt homes.
3. After a hostile / cruel / bitter divorce from his wife of 20 years, the actor married a woman young enough to be his daughter.
4. I see my excepted / expanded / extended family
once a year, during our annual family vacation.
5. I was raised in a very joyful / loving / tender family, in which everyone helped each other.
6. I was created / grown / raised by my grandparents after my parents passed away.
7. I'm on good friends / relations / terms with all my former boyfriends.
8. John had a carefree / careful / careless childhood, growing up with happily married parents and three brothers.
5. I was raised in a very joyful / loving / tender family, in which everyone helped each other.
6. I was created / grown / raised by my grandparents after my parents passed away.
7. I'm on good friends / relations / terms with all my former boyfriends.
8. John had a carefree / careful / careless childhood, growing up with happily married parents and three brothers.
9. Many women regret giving / having / taking an
abortion years afterwards.
10. My aunt's going through a messy / sloppy / untidy divorce; she's paying a fortune in legal fees.
10. My aunt's going through a messy / sloppy / untidy divorce; she's paying a fortune in legal fees.
11. My husband doesn't get along with a few of my family people
/ individuals / members.
12. Although my salary is low, I get child assistance / provision / support from my ex-husband.
13. My sister got / had / made pregnant immediately after she got married.
14. My son is making a diagram of our family roots / tree / web for a school project.
15. My wife is pregnant with twins. They're come / due / here in February.
16. Sally was granted sole custody / guardian / keeping of the children from her first marriage.
17. Teenagers who had a distressed / troubled / worsened childhood often have behavior problems in school.
12. Although my salary is low, I get child assistance / provision / support from my ex-husband.
13. My sister got / had / made pregnant immediately after she got married.
14. My son is making a diagram of our family roots / tree / web for a school project.
15. My wife is pregnant with twins. They're come / due / here in February.
16. Sally was granted sole custody / guardian / keeping of the children from her first marriage.
17. Teenagers who had a distressed / troubled / worsened childhood often have behavior problems in school.
18. The celebrity wrote a book about his debilitated /
defective / dysfunctional family.
19. The divorce contract / reimbursement / settlement awarded the wife $500,000.
20. There are four people in my close / immediate / neighboring family.
21. They have three biological children and two adopted / adoptive / adopting children.
19. The divorce contract / reimbursement / settlement awarded the wife $500,000.
20. There are four people in my close / immediate / neighboring family.
21. They have three biological children and two adopted / adoptive / adopting children.
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